Achilles Tendon Injuries

Significant injury to the Achilles tendon often results in prolonged disability, as it is the strongest and largest tendon in the human body. Named after a Greek mythology hero, the Achilles tendon is a powerful, fibrous band that connects the heel to the calf muscle. While proper function of this tendon is critical to performing in athletics, a weak or tight calf muscle may predispose the Achilles tendon to tendonitis or worse — rupture. Early diagnosis and treatment of an initial Achilles tendon injury will increase the chance of a prompt return to full activity and will help avoid repeated or more severe injuries. Achilles Tendonitis Achilles tendonitis is a common overuse injury seen in sports. Symptoms include pain and possible swelling anywhere along the tendon from the calf muscle to the heel bone. Stair climbing, rising onto the toes, or stretching the tendon by flexing the foot upward may cause an increase in pain. Milder cases may be treated with ice, taping, heel lifts, anti-inflammatories, or conditioning exercises. More severe cases may require a period of rest, with or without casting, followed by physical therapy. Achilles Tendon Rupture A ruptured (torn) Achilles tendon is season ending. It occurs most frequently in men between the ages of 30 and 40. These "weekend warriors" commonly participate in weekend recreational sports, while leading relatively sedentary lifestyles during the work week. Unfortunately, as we age, our tendons can degenerate or become weaker making them more vulnerable to injuries. If the Achilles tendon ruptures, the person may hear a snap, followed by severe calf pain. Swelling appears and the person may not be able to rise on his toes. If a rupture is confirmed, an orthopaedist will generally recommend surgically repairing the tendon to reduce the risk of repeated rupture and to insure optimal function of the tendon during sporting activities. Stretching & Strengthening Exercises - Calf Stretches Tight calf muscles will predispose the Achilles tendon to acute or chronic injuries. Routine calf stretches before and after activity will help promote the tendon's flexibility. The "runner's stretch" is performed by first leaning forward against a wall or chair. Step back with one leg placing the heel to the ground and keeping the toes pointed forward. Lean forward to increase the stretch. Then, keeping the foot where it is, gently bend the knee. Three sets of 30-second stretches per leg are recommended. - Toe Raises Toe raises will strengthen the calf muscle and Achilles tendon. Stand on a flat surface or on a small step allowing the heel to hang slightly lower than the forefoot. Gently rise up to fully contract the calf muscle, then slowly lower yourself back down. This may be performed while holding light weights. Three sets of 10-15 repetitions per leg are recommended. By incorporating Achilles tendon stretching and strengthening exercises into your exercise program, you will help guard against Achilles tendon injuries. However, if you do suffer a mild or severe Achilles tendon injury, it's important to have it evaluated by a physician to help prevent further and/or future damage.